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2176624-6

PWR RESISTOR 650W 5% 33R

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $156.1680

5-2176632-4

SQB60 160R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $3.4020

7-2176631-2

SQB50 910R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $2.8530

7-2176631-7

SQB50 1K5 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $4.8690

4-2176631-0

SQB50 43R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $2.8530

8-2176632-2

SQB60 2K4 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $3.4020

4-2176631-6

SQB50 75R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $4.8690

2-2176631-8

SQB50 13R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $2.8530

TPAN0220F150RK9

RES 150 OHM 50W 1% T0220

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RESI

inventory:

Price: $1.9260

HVLR1529F20K0K9

RES 20K OHM 1% 15W AXIAL

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RESI

inventory:

Price: $19.9530

PWWR0013F180RK9

180 OHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

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RESI

inventory:

200

Price: $2.7900

PWWR0013F27R0K9

27 OHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

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RESI

inventory:

200

Price: $2.7900

PWWR0013F3K30K9

3.3 KOHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

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RESI

inventory:

200

Price: $2.7900

HVLR5208F2K70K9

RES 2.7K OHM 1% 5W AXIAL

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RESI

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Price: $10.6470

HVLR5208B27K0K9

RES 27K OHM 0.1% 5W AXIAL

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RESI

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Price: $47.5830

HVLR1029F120KK9

RES 120K OHM 1% 10W AXIAL

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RESI

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Price: $16.7580

HVLR5208B1M30K9

RES 1.3M OHM 0.1% 5W AXIAL

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RESI

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Price: $41.8860

MMFR2568B15K0V9

15K OHM 0.1% 0.25W 5PPM/

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RESI

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Price: $2.4480

TPAN0220F1K30K9

RES 1.3K OHM 50W 1% T0220

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RESI

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Price: $1.8360

model

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2176624-6

PWR RESISTOR 650W 5% 33R

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$156.1680

5-2176632-4

SQB60 160R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$3.4020

7-2176631-2

SQB50 910R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$2.8530

7-2176631-7

SQB50 1K5 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$4.8690

4-2176631-0

SQB50 43R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$2.8530

8-2176632-2

SQB60 2K4 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$3.4020

4-2176631-6

SQB50 75R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$4.8690

2-2176631-8

SQB50 13R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$2.8530

TPAN0220F150RK9

RES 150 OHM 50W 1% T0220

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$1.9260

HVLR1529F20K0K9

RES 20K OHM 1% 15W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$19.9530

PWWR0013F180RK9

180 OHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

200

Price :$2.7900

PWWR0013F27R0K9

27 OHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

200

Price :$2.7900

PWWR0013F3K30K9

3.3 KOHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

200

Price :$2.7900

HVLR5208F2K70K9

RES 2.7K OHM 1% 5W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$10.6470

HVLR5208B27K0K9

RES 27K OHM 0.1% 5W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$47.5830

HVLR1029F120KK9

RES 120K OHM 1% 10W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$16.7580

HVLR5208B1M30K9

RES 1.3M OHM 0.1% 5W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$41.8860

MMFR2568B15K0V9

15K OHM 0.1% 0.25W 5PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$2.4480

TPAN0220F1K30K9

RES 1.3K OHM 50W 1% T0220

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$1.8360

What are the product features of aluminum shell resistors?

What are the differences between mainstream resistor classification models?

What are the Differences Between Mainstream Resistor Classification Models? I. Introduction A. Definition of Resistors Resistors are fundamental electronic components that limit the flow of electric current in a circuit. They are essential for controlling voltage and current levels, ensuring that electronic devices operate safely and effectively. By providing resistance, they help to manage power distribution and protect sensitive components from damage. B. Importance of Resistor Classification The classification of resistors is crucial for engineers and designers as it helps them select the appropriate type for specific applications. Different resistor types exhibit varying characteristics, such as tolerance, power rating, and temperature stability, which can significantly impact circuit performance. Understanding these classifications allows for better design choices, leading to more reliable and efficient electronic systems. C. Overview of the Article This article will explore the various mainstream resistor classification models, detailing their construction, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. We will also compare these models based on performance metrics, application suitability, and environmental impact, providing a comprehensive understanding of how to choose the right resistor for your needs. II. Basic Concepts of Resistors A. Function of Resistors in Circuits Resistors serve multiple functions in electronic circuits, including current limiting, voltage division, and signal conditioning. They can also be used for biasing active components, filtering signals, and providing feedback in amplifiers. By controlling the flow of electricity, resistors play a vital role in ensuring that circuits function as intended. B. Key Parameters: Resistance, Power Rating, Tolerance 1. **Resistance**: Measured in ohms (Ω), resistance quantifies how much a resistor opposes the flow of electric current. 2. **Power Rating**: This indicates the maximum power a resistor can dissipate without being damaged, typically expressed in watts (W). 3. **Tolerance**: Tolerance refers to the allowable deviation from the specified resistance value, usually expressed as a percentage. A lower tolerance indicates a more precise resistor. C. Types of Resistors: Fixed vs. Variable Resistors can be broadly categorized into fixed and variable types. Fixed resistors have a set resistance value, while variable resistors, such as potentiometers and rheostats, allow for adjustable resistance. This flexibility makes variable resistors useful in applications requiring fine-tuning of resistance levels. III. Mainstream Resistor Classification Models A. Carbon Composition Resistors 1. Construction and Materials Carbon composition resistors are made from a mixture of carbon particles and a binding resin. The resistance value is determined by the ratio of carbon to resin, which is then molded into a cylindrical shape. 2. Characteristics and Applications These resistors are known for their high energy absorption and ability to withstand high voltage spikes. They are commonly used in applications where high pulse power is required, such as in power amplifiers and audio equipment. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages **Advantages**: - High pulse power handling - Cost-effective **Disadvantages**: - Poor temperature stability - Higher noise levels compared to other types B. Carbon Film Resistors 1. Construction and Materials Carbon film resistors are made by depositing a thin layer of carbon on a ceramic substrate. The resistance value is adjusted by cutting a spiral groove into the carbon film. 2. Characteristics and Applications These resistors offer better stability and lower noise than carbon composition resistors. They are widely used in general-purpose applications, including consumer electronics and instrumentation. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages **Advantages**: - Better temperature stability - Lower noise **Disadvantages**: - Limited power rating compared to wirewound resistors C. Metal Film Resistors 1. Construction and Materials Metal film resistors are constructed by depositing a thin layer of metal onto a ceramic substrate. The resistance is adjusted by trimming the metal layer. 2. Characteristics and Applications These resistors provide excellent stability, low noise, and high precision, making them ideal for applications in precision electronics, such as measurement devices and high-frequency circuits. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages **Advantages**: - High precision and stability - Low temperature coefficient **Disadvantages**: - More expensive than carbon film resistors D. Wirewound Resistors 1. Construction and Materials Wirewound resistors are made by winding a metal wire around a ceramic or fiberglass core. The resistance value is determined by the wire's length, diameter, and material. 2. Characteristics and Applications These resistors can handle high power levels and are often used in power supplies, motor controls, and other high-current applications. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages **Advantages**: - High power rating - Excellent heat dissipation **Disadvantages**: - Larger size - Inductance can be an issue in high-frequency applications E. Thick Film Resistors 1. Construction and Materials Thick film resistors are made by printing a thick layer of resistive paste onto a ceramic substrate. The resistance value is determined by the composition and thickness of the paste. 2. Characteristics and Applications These resistors are commonly used in surface-mount technology (SMT) applications due to their compact size and cost-effectiveness. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages **Advantages**: - Low cost - Suitable for mass production **Disadvantages**: - Limited precision compared to thin film resistors F. Thin Film Resistors 1. Construction and Materials Thin film resistors are made by depositing a very thin layer of resistive material onto a substrate. The resistance is adjusted by etching the film. 2. Characteristics and Applications These resistors offer high precision and stability, making them suitable for high-performance applications, including telecommunications and aerospace. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages **Advantages**: - High precision and stability - Low temperature coefficient **Disadvantages**: - Higher cost compared to thick film resistors G. Specialty Resistors 1. Overview of Specialty Types (e.g., thermistors, varistors) Specialty resistors include thermistors, which change resistance with temperature, and varistors, which change resistance with voltage. These components are used in specific applications, such as temperature sensing and voltage clamping. 2. Characteristics and Applications Specialty resistors are designed for unique applications, providing functionality that standard resistors cannot offer. For example, thermistors are widely used in temperature measurement and control systems. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages **Advantages**: - Tailored for specific applications - Enhanced functionality **Disadvantages**: - Limited general-purpose use - Can be more expensive IV. Comparison of Resistor Classification Models A. Performance Metrics 1. Tolerance and Stability Metal film and thin film resistors generally offer the best tolerance and stability, making them suitable for precision applications. In contrast, carbon composition resistors have higher tolerances and are less stable. 2. Temperature Coefficient Thin film and metal film resistors have low temperature coefficients, ensuring consistent performance across varying temperatures. Wirewound resistors may exhibit higher temperature coefficients, affecting their performance in temperature-sensitive applications. 3. Noise Characteristics Carbon composition resistors tend to produce more noise compared to metal film and thin film resistors, which are preferred in low-noise applications. B. Application Suitability 1. General Purpose vs. Specialized Applications Carbon film and metal film resistors are suitable for general-purpose applications, while wirewound and specialty resistors are better suited for high-power or specific applications. 2. Cost Considerations Carbon composition and thick film resistors are generally more cost-effective, making them ideal for budget-sensitive projects. In contrast, thin film and metal film resistors, while more expensive, offer superior performance in critical applications. C. Environmental Impact 1. Material Sustainability The materials used in resistor construction can impact their environmental footprint. For instance, carbon-based resistors may have a lower environmental impact compared to those made with rare metals. 2. Disposal and Recycling Proper disposal and recycling of resistors are essential to minimize environmental harm. Specialty resistors may require specific disposal methods due to their unique materials. V. Conclusion A. Summary of Key Differences In summary, the differences between mainstream resistor classification models lie in their construction, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Each type serves specific applications, and understanding these differences is crucial for selecting the right resistor for a given project. B. Importance of Choosing the Right Resistor Choosing the appropriate resistor can significantly impact circuit performance, reliability, and overall system efficiency. Engineers must consider factors such as tolerance, power rating, and application requirements when making their selection. C. Future Trends in Resistor Technology As technology advances, we can expect to see innovations in resistor design and materials, leading to improved performance, miniaturization, and sustainability. Emerging trends may include the development of smart resistors that can adapt to changing conditions in real-time, further enhancing their functionality in modern electronic systems. VI. References A. Academic Journals - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices - Journal of Electronic Materials B. Industry Standards - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standards - American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Guidelines C. Manufacturer Specifications - Datasheets from leading resistor manufacturers - Technical documentation from electronic component suppliers --- This blog post provides a comprehensive overview of the differences between mainstream resistor classification models, offering insights into their construction, characteristics, and applications. By understanding these distinctions, engineers and designers can make informed decisions when selecting resistors for their electronic projects.

An article to help you understand what a ripple resistor is

An Article to Help You Understand What a Ripple Resistor Is I. Introduction In the world of electronics, the term "ripple resistor" may not be as commonly known as other components like capacitors or transistors, yet it plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation of various electronic circuits. A ripple resistor is a specialized component designed to mitigate the effects of ripple voltage, which can adversely affect circuit performance. This article aims to demystify ripple resistors, explaining their function, applications, and how to select the right one for your needs. II. Understanding Ripple Voltage A. Definition of Ripple Voltage Ripple voltage refers to the small, unwanted AC voltage fluctuations that remain in a DC power supply after the rectification process. These fluctuations can lead to instability in electronic circuits, causing noise, distortion, and even malfunction in sensitive components. B. Sources of Ripple Voltage in Power Supplies 1. **Rectification Process**: When AC voltage is converted to DC voltage through rectification, the output is not a smooth, constant voltage. Instead, it contains ripples due to the nature of the rectification process, which typically involves diodes that allow current to flow in one direction only. 2. **Capacitor Charging and Discharging**: Capacitors are used in power supplies to smooth out the voltage. However, they charge and discharge, leading to fluctuations in voltage levels. The rate at which this occurs contributes to the ripple voltage. C. Effects of Ripple Voltage on Circuit Performance Ripple voltage can lead to several issues in electronic circuits, including increased noise levels, reduced efficiency, and potential damage to sensitive components. For instance, in audio equipment, excessive ripple can result in audible hum or distortion, while in digital circuits, it can cause logic errors. III. What is a Ripple Resistor? A. Definition and Function A ripple resistor is a resistor specifically used to reduce ripple voltage in power supply circuits. By introducing resistance into the circuit, it helps to dissipate some of the energy associated with the ripple, thereby smoothing out the voltage levels. B. Role in Reducing Ripple Voltage The primary role of a ripple resistor is to provide a path for the ripple current to flow, converting some of the ripple energy into heat. This process helps to lower the amplitude of the ripple voltage, resulting in a more stable DC output. C. Types of Ripple Resistors 1. **Fixed Resistors**: These resistors have a set resistance value and are commonly used in applications where the ripple voltage is predictable and consistent. 2. **Variable Resistors (Potentiometers)**: These allow for adjustable resistance, making them suitable for applications where the ripple voltage may vary or needs fine-tuning. 3. **Specialized Ripple Resistors**: Some resistors are designed specifically for high-frequency applications or for use in conjunction with other components to enhance ripple reduction. IV. How Ripple Resistors Work A. Basic Principles of Operation Ripple resistors operate on the principle of Ohm's Law, where the voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current flowing through it. By placing a ripple resistor in series with the load, it can effectively reduce the ripple voltage by dissipating some of the energy as heat. B. Circuit Configuration 1. **Series and Parallel Configurations**: Ripple resistors can be configured in series with the load to reduce ripple voltage. In some cases, they may also be used in parallel with other components to achieve desired voltage levels. 2. **Placement in Power Supply Circuits**: The placement of the ripple resistor is critical. It is typically positioned after the rectification stage and before the load to ensure that it effectively reduces ripple voltage before it reaches sensitive components. C. Interaction with Other Components 1. **Capacitors**: Ripple resistors work in conjunction with capacitors, which store and release energy. The combination of these components can significantly improve voltage stability. 2. **Inductors**: Inductors can also be used alongside ripple resistors to further smooth out voltage fluctuations, as they resist changes in current. 3. **Diodes**: Diodes are essential in the rectification process, and their characteristics can influence the effectiveness of ripple resistors in reducing ripple voltage. V. Applications of Ripple Resistors A. Power Supply Design Ripple resistors are commonly used in power supply designs to ensure stable voltage output. They are particularly important in applications where voltage stability is critical, such as in battery chargers and DC-DC converters. B. Audio Equipment In audio equipment, ripple resistors help to minimize noise and distortion, ensuring high-quality sound reproduction. They are often found in amplifiers and mixers where clean power is essential. C. Signal Processing Circuits Signal processing circuits, which often deal with low-level signals, benefit from ripple resistors to maintain signal integrity and reduce noise. D. Other Electronic Devices Ripple resistors can be found in various electronic devices, including computers, televisions, and industrial equipment, where stable power supply is crucial for optimal performance. VI. Selecting the Right Ripple Resistor A. Key Specifications to Consider 1. **Resistance Value**: The resistance value should be chosen based on the specific application and the amount of ripple voltage that needs to be reduced. 2. **Power Rating**: Ripple resistors must be able to handle the power dissipated as heat. Selecting a resistor with an appropriate power rating is essential to prevent overheating. 3. **Tolerance**: The tolerance of the resistor indicates how much the actual resistance may vary from the specified value. A lower tolerance is preferable for applications requiring precise voltage levels. B. Common Mistakes to Avoid One common mistake is selecting a ripple resistor without considering the power rating, which can lead to overheating and failure. Additionally, neglecting to account for the specific application requirements can result in inadequate ripple reduction. C. Tools and Resources for Selection There are various online calculators and resources available to help engineers and hobbyists select the right ripple resistor for their needs. Manufacturer datasheets and application notes can also provide valuable insights. VII. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Ripple Resistors A. Advantages 1. **Cost-Effectiveness**: Ripple resistors are generally inexpensive compared to more complex filtering solutions, making them an attractive option for budget-conscious designs. 2. **Simplicity in Design**: Incorporating a ripple resistor into a circuit is straightforward, requiring minimal additional components. B. Disadvantages 1. **Heat Generation**: Ripple resistors dissipate energy as heat, which can lead to thermal management issues in compact designs. 2. **Limited Ripple Reduction Capability**: While ripple resistors can reduce ripple voltage, they may not be sufficient for applications requiring very low ripple levels, necessitating additional filtering methods. VIII. Alternatives to Ripple Resistors A. Active Filtering Techniques Active filters, which use operational amplifiers and other active components, can provide more effective ripple reduction compared to passive ripple resistors. B. Use of Voltage Regulators Voltage regulators can maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in input voltage or load conditions, effectively minimizing ripple voltage. C. Capacitor Banks and Inductor Filters Using larger capacitor banks or inductor filters can also help to smooth out ripple voltage more effectively than a simple ripple resistor. IX. Conclusion In summary, ripple resistors play a vital role in electronic circuits by reducing ripple voltage and ensuring stable performance. Understanding their function, applications, and selection criteria is essential for anyone involved in electronic design. As technology continues to evolve, the importance of ripple resistors in modern electronics remains significant. We encourage readers to explore further and deepen their understanding of this essential component in electronic circuits. X. References A. Suggested Reading Materials - "The Art of Electronics" by Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill - "Electronic Principles" by Albert Malvino and David Bates B. Online Resources for Further Study - Electronics tutorials on websites like All About Circuits and Electronics-Tutorials.ws - Manufacturer datasheets and application notes from companies like Texas Instruments and Analog Devices C. Industry Standards and Guidelines - IEEE standards for electronic components and circuit design - IPC standards for electronic assembly and manufacturing

How do high power resistors work?

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Hirose Electric Co., Ltd.

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